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The three arrow symbol was created by Sergei Tschachotin, former assistent to the physiologist Pawlow in 1931 for the Iron Front. See: Friedrich Wilhelm Witt, Die Hamburger Sozialdemokratie in der Weimarer Republik, Hannover 1971, S. 136ff Sergei Tschachotin, Dreipfeil gegen Hakenkreuz, Kopenhagen 1933 (Biography of T.)